Dịka "obi" nke transformer, isi ígwè na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mgbanwe ike elektrọnik. Ọ bụghị naanị na ọ na-emetụta arụmọrụ ike nke transformers, kamakwa ọ na-emetụta olu, ibu, na ntụkwasị obi ọrụ nke akụrụngwa. Mgbanwe nke ihe isi ígwè, site na ígwè dị ọcha nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ruo na alloys amorphous taa, ahụla mmepe dị ebube nke teknụzụ transformer.
Ọrụ isi na ihe achọrọ maka arụmọrụ nke isi ígwè
Isi ọrụ nke isi transformer bụ inye sekit magnet dị irè, na-enye ohere ka ike eletriki na-agafe n'etiti sekit dị iche iche site na ụkpụrụ nke induction electromagnetic. Arụmọrụ nke isi ígwè na-emetụta kpọmkwem ihe ngosi teknụzụ na akụ na ụba nke transformer. Ihe ndị bụ isi achọrọ maka ihe isi ígwè bụ: obere mfu isi ígwè na ugboro ole na ole na njupụta flux magnet, na nnukwu njupụta flux magnet na ike magnet ụfọdụ.
Mfu isi ahụ gụnyere akụkụ abụọ: mfu hysteresis na mfu eddy current. Mfu hysteresis metụtara nsogbu nke magnetization ihe, ebe mfu eddy current na-akpata site na ọkụ na-agagharị nke mgbanwe magnet na-akpata na isi ígwè. Iji belata mfu ndị a, ihe ndị a na-eji ígwè eme ihe kwesịrị inwe nnukwu iguzogide eletriki, ikike magnet dị elu, na obere mmanye.
Usoro evolushọn nke ihe ndị dị n'ime ígwè
Mmepe nke ihe ndị dị n'ime transformer agafeela njem dị ogologo ma na-atọ ụtọ. Isi transformer mbụ jiri waya ígwè carbon nkịtị ma ọ bụ ígwè carbon dị ka ihe magnetik. Na 1885, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe Gunz dị na Hungary mepụtara transformer mbụ nke nwere sekit magnet mechiri emechi, e jikwa ụdị ihe a mee isi ígwè ya.
Na 1900, RA Hadfield, onye Bekee, na ndị ọzọ chọpụtara na itinye silicon na ígwè dị nro nwere ike ime ka iguzogide ike dịkwuo mma, belata mfu eddy current na hysteresis, ma belata ihe na-eme ka "isi ịka nká" dị mfe. Na 1903, United States na Germany malitere imepụta mpempe ígwè silicon a na-akpọ "hot-rolled", nke na-egosi mmalite nke oge mpempe ígwè silicon.
Mpempe akwụkwọ ígwè silicon a na-akpọ "hot-rolled steel" nwere nsogbu dịka arụmọrụ na-adịghị mma na nnukwu mfu. N'afọ 1930, e nwere ihe ịga nke ọma na teknụzụ nke mpempe akwụkwọ ígwè silicon a na-akpọ "cold-rolled steel". Na 1933, Gauss jiri ụzọ abụọ e si akpọ "cold-rolled" na "annealing" mepụta ígwè 3% Si nke nwere nnukwu ihe ndọta n'akụkụ ntụgharị. Na 1935, Armco Steel Company nke United States jikọrọ aka na Westinghouse Company iji malite mmepụta nke ígwè silicon a na-akpọ "cold-rolled".
Mgbe afọ 1960 gachara, mba ndị mepere emepe ji nwayọọ nwayọọ kwụsị imepụta mpempe akwụkwọ ígwè silicon a na-akpọ "hot-rolled" wee gbanwee gaa na mpempe akwụkwọ ígwè silicon a na-akpọ "cold-rolled" nke nwere arụmọrụ ka mma. Na 1964, Nippon Steel Corporation nke Japan mepụtara mpempe akwụkwọ ígwè silicon a na-akpọ "cold-rolled" nke nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma, nke na-ebelata mfu nke transformers na-enweghị ibu.
N'afọ 1970, ihe ndị e ji ígwè rụọ anaghị agba nchara pụtara ìhè n'ọkwa akụkọ ihe mere eme. Na 1974, United Microelectronics Corporation mepụtara ihe ndị e ji ígwè rụọ anaghị agba nchara, na 1978, United States mepụtara ihe ndị e ji ígwè rụọ anaghị agba nchara nke nwere ike ịdị 10KVA. Ụdị ihe ọhụrụ a nwere njirimara nke obere mfu ígwè, naanị 1/3-1/5 nke mpempe akwụkwọ ígwè silicon ọdịnala, nke meghere oge ọhụrụ nke ịchekwa ike maka ihe ndị e ji ígwè rụọ.
Ụdị na njirimara bụ isi nke ihe ndị dị n'ime ígwè
mpempe akwụkwọ ígwè silicon
Mpempe akwụkwọ ígwè silikon bụ ngwakọta magnetik dị nro nke ígwè silikon nwere obere carbon, nke nwere ọdịnaya silicon nke 0.5-4.5%. Ịtinye silicon nwere ike ime ka iguzogide eletriki na ikike magnetik kachasị elu nke ígwè dịkwuo elu, belata nrụgide, mfu isi, na ịka nká magnetik. Enwere ike kewaa mpempe akwụkwọ ígwè silikon n'ime ụdị abụọ: nke a na-akpọ ọkụ na nke a na-akpọ oyi, ebe a na-ekewa oyi na nke a na-akpọ oyi n'ime ụdị ndị a na-akpọ isi na ndị a na-anaghị akpọ isi.
Mpempe akwụkwọ ígwè silicon nke a na-akpọ "cold rolled" na-ezo aka na ihe mejupụtara ya nke 0.5% ~ 4.0% (Si+Al), nke a na-akpọ "cold rolled" ruo 0.65mm, 0.5mm, na 0.35mm wee kụọ ya ma kpuchie ya. Ụdị udidi ọka ya gbasaara ebe niile, o nwekwara ihe ndọta yiri ya n'akụkụ niile.
E ji ígwè silicon nke a na-eji ígwè eme ihe nwere ike ịnweta ike ndọta dị elu na obere ihe ndọta dị mfe, nke na-emezu ihe achọrọ maka ike ndọta nke ngwa ike kwụ ọtọ dịka transformers. Nkuku ndọta nkezi nke ígwè silicon nke a na-eji ígwè eme ihe (CGO) dị ihe dịka 7°, uru ndọta nke saturation B8 dịkwa n'elu 1.82Tesla; Nkuku ndọta nkezi nke ígwè silicon nke a na-eji ígwè eme ihe (Hi-B) dị ihe dịka 3°, uru B8 dịkwa n'elu 1.90 Tesla.
amorphous alloy
Amorphous alloy bụ ihe eji arụ ọrụ ígwè nke nwere atọm kesara n'enweghị usoro na matrix ihe ahụ, nwere ihe mejupụtara "glass". Amorphous alloy nkịtị nwere 80% ígwè, ebe ihe ndị ọzọ fọdụrụ bụ boron na silicon. Ihe a nwere njirimara nke ike ndọta dị elu (1.54T), ikike ndọta dị elu, obere ọkụ ọkụ, na obere mfu ígwè.
Mfu ígwè nke alloys amorphous dabere na ígwè bụ naanị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ ruo otu ụzọ n'ụzọ ise nke mpempe akwụkwọ ígwè silicon nke dabere na ya, nke na-ebelata mfu nke transformers amorphous alloy na-enweghị ibu site na 70% ruo 80% ma e jiri ya tụnyere transformers ígwè silicon ọdịnala. Njupụta nke magnetik saturation nke alloys amorphous dị obere (ihe dị ka 1.5T), yabụ a na-ahọrọ njupụta nke magnetik dị ka 1.3-1.4T.
Ọkpụrụkpụ nke eriri amorphous alloy dị oke mkpa, naanị 0.03mm, nke na-eme ka e nwee ihe dịka 80% nke lamination coefficient maka isi amorphous iron. Ọ bụ ezie na amorphous alloys nwere obere ike ndọda karịa mpempe ígwè silicon, ibu nke isi ígwè ahụ ka dị arọ.
Nhazi usoro isi
Nhazi nke nhazi isi transformer agbanweela nke ukwuu. Site na isi ígwè mbụ e ji laminated mee, ruo isi ígwè dị ka C, wee ruo isi ígwè dị ka mgbaaka (isi ígwè a gbanyere agbagọ), usoro ọ bụla nwere njirimara na uru nke ya.
A na-eji eriri ígwè silicon a na-agbagharị agbagharị eme isi ígwè okirikiri ahụ, dị ka isi iyi elekere a gbagọrọ agbagọ. Ụdị isi ígwè a nwere sekit magnet na-aga n'ihu na-enweghị oghere ikuku, nke na-eme ka ọ ghara inwe ike iguzogide magnet na arụmọrụ dị elu. Ma e jiri ya tụnyere transformers laminated nwere otu ikike ahụ, transformers toroidal nwere uru nke obere nha, ibu dị mfe, na obere ntapu magnet.
Maka ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe amorphous alloy, n'ihi nsogbu nke ịkpụ ihe ha, a na-emekarị ha dị ka ndị na-ahazi isi ígwè a gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ. Isi ihe nke transformer otu-phase bụ frame, ebe isi ihe nke transformer nke atọ na-emepụta site na ijikọta frame anọ ka ọ bụrụ ihe owuwu yiri nke kọlụm ise nke atọ. Nhazi a na-eme ka winding nke ọ bụla dị na freme abụọ nọọrọ onwe ha nke sekit magnet, na-ewepụ mmetụta nke flux magnet nke atọ.
Usoro mmepụta nke ihe eji eme ihe ígwè
Usoro mmepụta nke mpempe akwụkwọ ígwè silicon dị mgbagwoju anya, karịsịa mpempe akwụkwọ ígwè silicon nke a na-eji eme ihe. Usoro mmepụta ya dị mgbagwoju anya, windo usoro ahụ dị warara, nsogbu mmepụta ya dịkwa elu. A maara ya dị ka "ọrụ aka nke ngwaahịa ígwè".
Usoro mmepụta nke mpempe akwụkwọ ígwè silicon nke a na-akpọ "cold-rolled" na-agụnyekarị: ígwè na-akpọ "hot-rolled billets" ma ọ bụ na-aga n'ihu na-atụgharị billets n'ime coils nwere ọkpụrụkpụ ihe dị ka 2.3mm, wee sochie ya na ịsa acid, ịtụgharị oyi, ịtọpụ mmiri, na usoro mkpuchi ihe mkpuchi. Maka ngwaahịa silicon dị elu, ọ dị mkpa ibu ụzọ mee ka ha dị mma na 800-850 ℃ mgbe a gbasịrị ha ọkụ, wee sochie ha na acid, ịpịgharị oyi ruo n'ọkpụrụkpụ ụfọdụ, ịtọpụ mmiri, wee tụgharịa oyi na obere mbelata, na imecha ya na njedebe.
Ụzọ kachasị eji emepụta ihe ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe bụ ifesa uzuoku ígwè gbazere agbaze n'elu etiti ígwè ọla kọpa na-agbagharị ọsọ ọsọ, a na-ajụkwa ígwè gbazere agbaze ma sie ike ka ọ bụrụ obere ọgịrịga na ọsọ nke 106 ℃/s. A ga-ebelata nrụgide dị elu nke ime site na imechi ihe site na 200 ℃ na 280 ℃ iji nweta ezigbo ihe ndọta.
Uru nchekwa ike nke ihe ndị dị n'ime ígwè
Transformers dị ọtụtụ ma nwee nnukwu ikike na sistemụ ike, nke na-ebute nnukwu mfu. A na-eme atụmatụ na mfu niile nke transformers na China bụ ihe dị ka 10% nke mmepụta ike sistemụ ahụ. Mbelata 1% ọ bụla na mfu nwere ike ịchekwa ijeri awa kilowatt nke ọkụ eletrik kwa afọ.
Transformers ígwè dị n'ime amorphous alloy nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na-azọpụta ike. Mfu nke transformers SH12 usoro amorphous alloy core nke na-enweghị ibu belatara ihe dị ka 75% ma e jiri ya tụnyere transformers ígwè silicon usoro S9. Ọ bụ ezie na transformers alloy amorphous dị oke ọnụ karịa transformers ọdịnala, ọnụ ahịa ọrụ ha dị oke ala, oge ịkwụghachi ego na-abụkarị n'etiti afọ 2-5.
Mpaghara ndị mepere emepe n'akụ na ụba nke mpaghara Shanghai, Jiangsu, na Zhejiang nọchitere anya ha ewerela transformers alloy amorphous n'ọtụtụ buru ibu. Ụlọ ọrụ ike eletriki Jiangsu na-eme atụmatụ itinye ahịrị ọhụrụ na nke a rụgharịrị n'ọdịnihu, ojiji nke transformers alloy amorphous agaghị erughị 30%.
Usoro mmepe nke ihe ndị dị n'ime ígwè
Ihe ndị dị n'ime ígwè na-etolite iji belata mfu ígwè na nnukwu mkpali magnet. Maka mpempe akwụkwọ ígwè silicon, gụnyere ígwè silicon na-abụghị nke na-adabere na ya maka obere mfu ígwè na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, nkọwapụta dị gịrịgịrị nke na-ebelata mfu ígwè na-adabere na nnukwu ndọta magnetik, na ígwè silicon dị elu maka ngwa eletriki na-echekwa ike nke ọkara na ugboro ugboro.
Nnukwu ígwè silicon (Si Fe alloy nwere 4.5% ~ 6.7% Si) nwere njirimara nke mbelata nke ukwuu na mfu ígwè na ugboro dị elu, ikike magnet kachasị elu, na obere nrụgide. Mana ọdịnaya Si ya dị oke elu, ike ya adịghịkwa mma nke ukwuu na okpomọkụ ụlọ, nke na-eme ka ọ sie ike ịtụgharị na ịmepụta. Ugbu a, a na-akwadebe ihe alloy Si Fe nke na-adịghị adabere na 6.5% site na usoro ntinye silicon.
Ihe ndị e ji ihe ndị e ji ihe ndị dị ndụ gbanwee nano na ihe ndị e ji ihe ndị dị ndụ mee bụkwa otu n'ime ntụziaka mmepe n'ọdịnihu. Ka ọchịchọ maka nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi na-arị elu, mmepe nke ihe ndị na-adịghị egbu egbu, ndị na-emebi emebi, ma ọ bụ ndị a na-emegharị emegharị ga-aghọ ntụziaka dị mkpa maka nnyocha.
Mmechi
Mgbanwe nke ihe ndị dị mkpa na transformer egosipụtala njikọta zuru oke nke sayensị ihe na injinia eletriki. Site na ígwè carbon nkịtị ruo na mpempe akwụkwọ ígwè silicon, wee ruo na alloys amorphous, ihe ọ bụla a na-ahụ anya emeela ka ọkwa arụmọrụ ike nke transformers dịkwuo mma nke ukwuu.
N'ụwa taa ebe nchekwa ike na mbelata ikuku na-abata n'ụwa niile, nhọrọ nke ihe ndị dị n'ime ígwè dị irè abụghị naanị ihe metụtara uru akụ na ụba, kamakwa ọ bụ ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi. N'ọdịnihu, site na mmalite nke ihe ọhụrụ na usoro, ihe ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe ga-anọgide na-etolite iji belata mfu na arụmọrụ ka mma, na-enye aka na owuwu nke sistemụ ike akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na nke na-enweghị carbon.
Oge ozi: Ọgọst-29-2025
